PM e-DRIVE subsidises the purchase price of electric heavy trucks, but fleet operators make decisions on total cost of ownership over a vehicle’s life. At Rs 87.67/litre diesel and Rs 8–12/unit for commercial EV charging, the TCO crossover for heavy electric trucks sits at 250,000–400,000 km of cumulative annual operation. For captive industrial fleets at steel plants, aluminium smelters, and cement complexes, which routinely log 150,000–300,000 km/vehicle/year, the numbers are approaching parity faster than the market expects.