India’s cement sector operates at a highly efficient baseline, boasting a world leading clinker factor and widespread adoption of modern dry process kilns. With the easiest efficiency gains already achieved, reaching the 2070 Net Zero target demands a structural shift to tackle hard to abate process emissions. The path forward requires scaling Refuse Derived Fuel, transitioning to performance based standards, indigenising new technologies, and ultimately deploying Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage.